Paul Bert De L'action De L'oxygèNe Sur Les éLéMents Anatomiques SuppléMent Au Titres Et Travaux DéCembre 1881

In-4° broché, 8 pages. Il s'agit d'un supplément au titres et travaux décembre 1881 recensant les derniers travaux de Paul Bert et notamment ses travaux sur l'anesthésie à l'aide du chloroforme et du protoxyde d'azote. - - Paul Bert, né le 19 octobre 1833 à Auxerre et mort le 11 novembre 1886 à Hanoï, est un médecin, physiologiste et homme politique français. Élève et successeur de Claude Bernard au Collège de France, suppléant de Pierre Flourens au Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, il étudie la physiologie de la respiration (en altitude et en plongée) et s'intéresse à la greffe et à l'anesthésie. Élu député radical dès 1872, il est ministre de l'Instruction publique et des cultes de 1881 à 1882. Anticlérical et partisan de la laïcité, il est l'un des fondateurs de l'« école gratuite, laïque et obligatoire ». Tenant d'un « racisme républicain » et soutien de la politique de colonisation, il publie plusieurs manuels scolaires jugés rétrospectivement comme étant racialistes. En janvier 1886, il est nommé résident supérieur de l'Annam-Tonkin, en Indochine, où il meurt quelques mois plus tard. - - - - Bert was born at Auxerre (Yonne). He entered the École polytechnique at Paris with the intention of becoming an engineer; then changing his mind, he studied law; and finally, under the influence of the zoologist, Louis Pierre Gratiolet (1815-1865), he took up physiology, becoming one of Claude Bernard's most brilliant pupils. After graduating at Paris as doctor of medicine in 1863, and doctor of science in 1866, he was appointed professor of physiology successively at Bordeaux (1866) and the Sorbonne (1869). After the "Commune de Paris" (1870) he began to take part in politics as a supporter of Gambetta. In 1874 he was elected to the Assembly, where he sat on the extreme left, and in 1876 to the chamber of deputies. He was one of the most determined enemies of clericalism, and an ardent advocate of "liberating national education from religious sects, while rendering it accessible to every citizen." From 14 November 1881 to 30 January 1882 he was minister of education and worship in Gambetta's short-lived cabinet, and in 1881 he created a great sensation by a lecture on modern Catholicism, delivered in a Paris theatre, in which he poured ridicule on the fables and follies of the chief religious tracts and handbooks that circulated especially in the south of France. Early in 1886 he was appointed resident-general in Annam and Tonkin, and died of dysentery at Hanoi on 11 November of that year. He was more distinguished as a man of science than as a politician or administrator. His classical work, La Pression barometrique (1878), embodies researches that gained him the biennial prize of 20,000 francs from the Academy of Sciences in 1875, and is a comprehensive investigation on the physiological effects of air-pressure, both above and below the normal. Central nervous system oxygen toxicity was first described in this publication and is sometimes referred to as the "Paul Bert effect".[2][3] He showed that oxygen was toxic to insects, arachnids, myriapods, molluscs, earthworms, fungi, germinating seeds, birds, and other animals. His earliest researches, which provided him with material for his two doctoral theses, were devoted to animal grafting and the vitality of animal tissues, and they were followed by studies on the physiological action of various poisons, on anaesthetics, on respiration and asphyxia, on the causes of the change of color in the chameleon, etc. He was also interested in vegetable physiology, and in particular investigated the movements of the sensitive plant, and the influence of light of different colours on the life of vegetation. After about 1880 he produced several elementary text-books of scientific instruction, and also various publications on educational and allied subjects.